Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in COVID-19 Patients and Frontline Healthcare Workers

Abstract

Abstract: Background: During global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the psychological impact on both patients and healthcare workers is crucial for effective public health response and support strategies.

Objectives: To assess anxiety and depression prevalence among COVID-19 patients and healthcare workers in Pakistan, utilizing the Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey from 20th May 2020 to 25th August 2020, using a 15-item structured questionnaire was conducted on patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and healthcare workers at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore. The Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale - Short Form (AKUADS-SF) was employed to assess the levels of anxiety and depres- sion among the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to identify significant predictors of anxiety and depression.

Result: Of 183 participants, 55% were healthcare workers and 44.8% were patients. Preliminary findings showed 37.6% of healthcare workers had anxiety and depressive symptoms. Significant predictors among healthcare workers included family members with psychiatric disorders, family members affected by COVID-19, and a history of psychiatric disorders. Among patients, 13.4% had positive scores on the AKUADS-SF, with significant predictors being marital status (single), affected family members, smoking, and addiction.

Conclusion: The study identified significant anxiety and depression among healthcare workers and patients during COVID-19. Predictors for healthcare workers included family psychiatric issues and personal history, while patients’ predictors were marital status, affected family members, smoking, and addiction. This underscores the need for targeted psychological support.