Incidence of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Need for Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients who have Undergone Elective PCI in the Last 3 Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Abstract: Background: With more than 660,000 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) carried out each year nationwide, Post-procedure acute kidney damage, sometimes referred to as contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), can complicate up to 14% of all PCIs.

Objective:  The aim of this study is to provide an assessment of the frequency of contract-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing PCI in a single healthcare center.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, clinical research conducted at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, from 20th June 2023 to 30th August 2023. Diagnosis of ischemic coronary artery disease was made and elective or emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed. SPSS 22 used to analyze the data. For the continuous variables, mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR) were performed.

Result: A total of 166 patients were enrolled in the study, Mean age estimation of the study population was 63 ± 9.31 years, acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 11 (6.6%) while 157 (94.5%) had no AKI incident. Serum creatinine of baseline 1.4 ± 1.2 mg/dL and 2.1 ±  21.0 mg/dL, day 03 (after 48 hours) 1.5 ± 0.2 mg/dL and 2.5 ± 1.9 mg/dL, and day 30 1.4 ±  1.1 mg/dL and 2.0 ±  1.9 mg/dL were estimated in AKI and non-Aki patients respectively, and results indicated a mean difference of 0.7 ± 0.6 mg/dL in baseline serum creatinine of AKI patients and non-AKI patients. The remaining laboratory investigations were insignificant.

Conclusion: However, CA-AKI is a concern for subspecialties especially cardiology leading to withholding of clinically indicated intervene tions causing an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study identified that patient characteristics such as comorbidities can lead to CA-AKI.